Sunday, May 8, 2016

SUBHASHITA 4



                                                                                  
                                               
ALL ABOUT MONEY (ARTHA Paddhati)
Let caste and community reach abysmal regions!  Let courage and daring meet the same fate! Let character be totally spoiled! Let warrior like qualities be destroyed! We are not at all worried about the absence of these qualities! What we want and cherish is money only! That is our ultimate aim and goal! It is because without MONEY all other qualities are good for nothing like the broom with dry grass! That is why we reject all noble qualities and are passionate about money! After describing Self respect and heroism,  Bharthruhari  points out the significance of Money which is the root cause of all things. Fist he speaks of people who are worshippers of Mammon, the god of wealth!
         One need not have character, scholarship, erudition, capacity for comprehension, eloquence, and even beauty! But if he is rich and possesses fabulous wealth, he acquires all the afore said qualities! You may wonder how with money alone he can have those qualities. All the qualities mentioned above are solely dependent on money only! Hence, if money is present, all other qualities are present ! How money is destroyed in four ways is clearly recorded by the poet later.  The King and his riches are destroyed by hearing the advice of an evil minister! A yogi or an ascetic is undone by evil company.  The son is spoiled through over indulgence. The Brahmin loses respect by not having scholarship in the Vedas. The clan is destroyed by a bad son. Evil company destroys one’s character. Modesty is lost by drinking alcohol. The field and  produce  is destroyed through neglect and not over seeing. Love for wife and children is lost through travel in foreign countries. Lack of affection spoils friendship. Absence of morality destroys riches. Through charity and lack of caution Money is totally destroyed!
            There are three stages for the use of money viz the worst, the medium and the best. The first stage is offering money to the richly deserving. The second stage is to enjoy one’s own money. The third and the worst stage is money robbed or stolen away by thieves and robbers. Money should definitely have one of these three stages. The person  who does not offer money to the deserving or enjoy it himself, is robbed of all his money which is the third stage. Though the benefactor or the philanthropist loses all his money through charity his greatness is unaffected.
             There are a number of things and people who are unaffected by their defect or loss of money through charity! A polished precious stone does not lose its value;  an injured warrior on the battle field  is considered a hero; An elephant with the flow of ‘madajala’ though emaciated is respected; river with dry sand dunes during ‘ saratkala—(September- October) is loved though not with much water;  the Moon with a single phase is adorable nevertheless;  a lady lost in conjugal bliss is not disliked;  and those who have become poor by offering charity for others , though lean and poor, are really rich!
               What is the nature of the rich when they possess money and when they lose it and become poor? If by misfortune the rich lose money and suffer poverty, even a small amount of food is considered as good and great! But the same person, after he becomes rich again, looks down on the same thing! He becomes arrogant and does not care for the world! He does not maintain the same point of view on things!  Once he considers it great but the next time he thinks it is nothing! He feels the small as big and the big as small!
How does a king earn money?  The poet tells the king that the earth is like the sacred cow!  If he wants to milk money from the cow, he should consider people as the calf and protect them!  It is only after the calf is fed, the cow yields milk! Therefore when people are properly ruled and looked after, earth will  yield  money and other produce like the wish yielding Tree—Kalpataru! 
                     What is ‘Raja Niti?’ How should conduct himself! The Poet says that the king’s  morality is similar to that of a prostitute! He should speak the truth sometimes and falsehood at others! He should kill at times and show mercy at other times. He should exhibit miserliness sometimes and  do great charity at other times!  He spends much money and at the same time earns  more money! The ways of the king are different at different  times!
                                                                                                                                                                                              

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